9th Commandment
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour
You shall not spread a false report. You shall not join hands with a wicked man to be a malicious witness. You shall not fall in with the many to do evil, nor shall you bear witness in a lawsuit, siding with the many, so as to pervert justice, nor shall you be partial to a poor man in his lawsuit.
— Exodus 23:1-2

United States Bill of Rights
Amendments Proposal and Enactment date

 

1st

Protects the freedom of religion, speech, and the press, as well as the right to assemble and petition the government September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

In January 2010, a divided court ruled in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission that corporations and unions have a right to use their general treasuries and profits to spend freely on political ads for and against specific candidates

The 5–4 decision, in favor of Citizens United, resulted from a dispute over whether the non-profit corporation Citizens United could air a film critical of Hillary Clinton, and whether the group could advertise the film in broadcast ads featuring Clinton's image, in apparent violation of the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, commonly known as the McCain–Feingold Act.

Protects the right to keep and bear arms September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

No. 08–1521. Argued March 2, 2010—Decided June 28, 2010

Second Amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense and struck down a Dis-trict of Columbia law that banned the possession of handguns in the home. Chicago (hereinafter City) and the village of Oak Park, a Chi-cago suburb, have laws effectively banning handgun possession by almost all private citizens.

3rd Prohibits the forced quartering of soldiers out of war time September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

4th Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

5th Sets out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

6th Protects the right to have a fair and speedy public trial by jury, including the rights to be notified of the accusations, to confront the accuser, to obtain witnesses and to retain counsel September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

7th Provides for the right to trial by jury in certain civil cases, according to common law September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

8th Prohibits excessive fines and excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

9th Asserts the existence of unenumerated rights retained by the people September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

10th Limits the powers of the federal government to those delegated to it by the Constitution September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791

11th Immunity of states from suits from out-of-state citizens and foreigners not living within the state borders. Lays the foundation for sovereign immunity March 4, 1794 February 7, 1795

12th Revises presidential election procedures December 9, 1803 June 15, 1804

13th Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime January 31, 1865 December 6, 1865

14th Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issues June 13, 1866 July 9, 1868

15th Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude February 26, 1869 February 3, 1870

16th Allows the federal government to collect income tax July 12, 1909 February 3, 1913

17th Requires senators to be directly elected May 13, 1912 April 8, 1913

18th Establishes Prohibition of alcohol (Repealed by Twenty-first Amendment) December 18, 1917 January 16, 1919

19th Establishes women's suffrage June 4, 1919 August 18, 1920

20th Fixes the dates of term commencements for Congress (January 3) and the President (January 20); known as the "lame duck amendment" March 2, 1932 January 23, 1933

21st Repeals the Eighteenth Amendment February 20, 1933 December 5, 1933

22nd Limits the president to two terms, or a maximum of 10 years (i.e., if a Vice President serves not more than one half of a President's term, they can be elected to a further two terms) March 24, 1947 February 27, 1951

23rd Provides for representation of Washington, D.C. in the Electoral College June 16, 1960 March 29, 1961

24th Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of poll taxes September 14, 1962 January 23, 1964

25th Codifies the Tyler Precedent; defines the process of presidential succession July 6, 1965 February 10, 1967

26th Establishes 18 as the national voting age March 23, 1971 July 1, 1971

27th Prevents laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until the beginning of the next session of Congress September 25, 1789 May 5 or 7, 1992

 

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